Humans have no right to reduce this richness and diversity except to satisfy vital needs.
Humans have no right to reduce this richness and diversity except to satisfy vital needs.

deep ecology
practices for awakening and resilience in a changing world
Humans have no right to reduce this richness and diversity except to satisfy vital needs.
Present human interference with the nonhuman world is excessive, and the situation is rapidly worsening.
Richness and diversity of life forms contribute to the realization of these values and are also values in themselves.
The ideological change is mainly that of appreciating life quality rather than adhering to an increasingly higher standard of living.
The well-being and flourishing of human and nonhuman Life on Earth have value in themselves. These values are independent of the usefulness of the non-human world for human purposes.
Those who subscribe to the foregoing points have an obligation directly or indirectly to participate in the attempt to implement the necessary changes.

George Sessions (1938-2016) was an American philosopher who co-developed the Deep Ecology Platform with Arne Naess. He taught philosophy at Sierra College in Rocklin, California for nearly fifty …
In April 1984, during the advent of Spring and John Muir’s birthday, George Sessions and Arne Næss summarized fifteen years of thinking on the principles of deep ecology while camping in Death Valley, …